Germany has marked the 30th anniversary of its reunification, drawing a generally positive picture of the progress made in knitting together east and west.

President Frank-Walter Steinmeier said Saturday is “the best Germany there has ever been” and proposed a new memorial to the “peaceful revolutionaries” who helped end communist rule.

Germany was reunited on October 3 1990 after four decades of Cold War division.

East Germany joined the western federal republic less than a year after the east’s communist rulers — under pressure from growing protests — opened the Berlin Wall and the rest of the highly fortified border between the two states on November 9 1989.

While much progress has been made since then, economic and other differences between the west and the less-prosperous east still persist.

A long-lasting trend of more people leaving the east than moving there has finally halted in recent years, and pensions in the east are nearing the level of those in the west, though wages are lower.

However, Germany’s biggest companies are still headquartered in the west, while political polarisation has been most noticeable over recent years in the east, where the far-right Alternative for Germany party is particularly strong.

The coronavirus pandemic meant that celebrations were relatively low-key — as Chancellor Angela Merkel put it this week, “quieter than the occasion would actually deserve”.

Mr Steinmeier led the main ceremony at a hall in Potsdam, just outside Berlin, with 230 guests — about a fifth of the audience originally planned.

Germany is “rightly proud” on the anniversary of reunification, “and no pandemic can get in the way of that”, he said.

He summed up mixed feelings about the progress of the past three decades by saying: “We are not nearly as far along as we should be, but at the same time we are much further along than we think.”

Eastern cities such as Leipzig and Rostock are now economically stronger than parts of the western Ruhr industrial region, Mr Steinmeier said, and there are “more and more eastern success stories”.

He contrasted reunification in 1990, preceded by peaceful protests and sealed by international agreement, with the emergence of the unified German state nearly 150 years ago — “brutally forced, with iron and blood, after wars with our neighbours, based on Prussian dominance, on militarism and nationalism”.

He said Saturday’s anniversary is a reminder of the value of “an international order which is so strongly contested today, unfortunately in western societies too”.

“We are living today in the best Germany there has ever been,” the president said. “Let’s thank all those who worked for it.”

He advocated creating a memorial to the “peaceful revolutionaries” of East Germany whose efforts brought the communist dictatorship to an end.

That would add to existing memorials at remnants of the Berlin Wall and former facilities run by the Stasi, East Germany’s secret police, and to an already-planned unity memorial in Berlin.

Germany could use “a place that reminds us that East Germans took their fate in their own hands and liberated themselves”, Mr Steinmeier said.