China wants to minimise the possibility of a major new Covid outbreak during this month’s Lunar New Year travel rush following the end of most pandemic containment measures.

The Transportation Ministry has called on travellers to reduce trips and gatherings, particularly if they involve elderly people, pregnant women, small children and those with underlying conditions.

People using public transport should wear masks and pay special attention to their health and personal hygiene, vice minister Xu Chengguang told reporters at a briefing.

The call stopped short of asking citizens to stay home entirely, as the government had since the pandemic began, although some local governments have urged migrant workers not to return home.

China abruptly ended a strict regime of lockdowns, quarantines and mass testing in December amid growing concerns about the economic impact and rare public protests in a country that permits no open political dissent.

On Sunday, China is also ending mandatory quarantines for people arriving from abroad.

The current outbreak appears to have spread the fastest in densely populated cities, putting a strain on the health care system. Authorities are now concerned about the possible spread to smaller towns and rural areas that lack resources such as intensive care beds.

Overseas, a growing number of governments are requiring virus tests for travellers from China, saying they are needed because the Chinese government is not sharing enough information on the outbreak, particularly about the potential emergence of new variants.

The European Union on Wednesday “strongly encouraged” its member states to impose pre-departure Covid testing, though not all have done so. The World Health Organisation has also expressed concern about the lack of data from China, while the US is requiring a negative test result for travellers from China within 48 hours of departure.

China has criticised the requirements and warned it could impose countermeasures against countries using them. Spokesmen have said the situation is under control and reject accusations of a lack of preparation for reopening.

Despite concerns, Hong Kong said it will reopen some of its border crossings with mainland China on Sunday and allow tens of thousands of people to cross every day without being quarantined.

The city’s land and sea border checkpoints with the mainland have been largely closed for almost three years and the reopening is expected to provide a much-needed boost to Hong Kong’s tourism and retail sectors.

China has also gradually opened up to visits by foreign officials, hosting Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos Jnr this week.

US secretary of state Antony Blinken is tentatively due to make his first visit to Beijing in office this month or next, during which he will meet with newly appointed foreign minister Qin Gang, China’s blunt-speaking former ambassador to Washington.