The son and namesake of ousted Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos took a commanding lead in an unofficial vote count in the presidential election in the deeply divided Asian democracy.

With more than 70% of the votes tabulated, Mr Marcos Jnr had more than 23.5 million, far ahead of his closest challenger, current vice president Leni Robredo, a champion of human rights, who had 11.1 million.

The election winner will take office on June 30 for a single, six-year term as leader of a south-east Asian nation hit hard by two years of Covid-19 outbreaks and lockdowns.

Even more challenging problems include deeper poverty and unemployment and decades-long Muslim and communist insurgencies.

The next president is also likely to hear demands to prosecute outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte for thousands of killings during his anti-drug crackdown — deaths already under investigation by the International Criminal Court.

Mr Duterte’s daughter, southern Davao city mayor Sara Duterte, is Mr Marcos Jnr’s vice presidential running mate in an alliance of the scions of two authoritarian leaders who concern human rights groups.

The tie-up has combined the voting power of their separate northern and southern political strongholds, boosting their chances but compounding worries of human rights activists.

Sara Duterte also had a formidable lead with more than 23.3 million votes for vice president in the unofficial count from the Commission on Elections server.

The president and vice president are elected separately in the Philippines.

“History may repeat itself if they win,” said Myles Sanchez, a 42-year-old human rights worker.

“There may be a repeat of martial law and the drug killings that happened under their parents.”

Mr Marcos Jnr, whose father was ousted in a 1986 army-backed “People Power” uprising, held a wide lead in pre-election surveys.

But Ms Robredo tapped into shock and outrage over the prospect of a Marcos recapturing the seat of power and harnessed a network of campaign volunteers to underpin her candidacy.

Officials said the election was relatively peaceful despite pockets of violence in the country’s volatile south.

Thousands of police and military personnel were deployed to secure election precincts, especially in rural regions with a history of violent political rivalries.

Filipinos stood in long queues to cast their ballots, with the start of voting delayed by a few hours in a few areas due to malfunctioning vote machines, power cuts, bad weather and other problems.

Eight others were in the presidential race, including former boxing star Manny Pacquiao, Manila mayor Isko Moreno and former national police chief Panfilo Lacson.

Ms Sanchez said the violence and abuses that marked the martial-law era under Mr Marcos and Mr Duterte’s drug war more than three decades later victimised loved ones from two generations of her family.

Her grandmother was sexually abused and her grandfather tortured by counterinsurgency troops under Mr Marcos in the early 1980s in their impoverished farming village in Southern Leyte province.

Under Mr Duterte’s crackdown, Ms Sanchez’s brother, a sister and a sister-in-law were wrongfully linked to illegal drugs and separately killed, she told The Associated Press.

She described the killings of her siblings as “a nightmare that has caused unspeakable pain”.

She begged Filipinos not to vote for politicians who either openly defended the widespread killings or conveniently looked away.

Mr Marcos Jnr and Sara Duterte avoided such volatile issues in the campaign and steadfastly stuck instead to a battle cry of national unity, even though their fathers’ presidencies opened some of the Philippines’ most turbulent divisions.

“I have learned in our campaign not to retaliate,” Sara Duterte told followers on Saturday night on the final day of campaigning, where she and Mr Marcos Jnr thanked a huge crowd in a night of rap music, dance shows and fireworks near Manila Bay.

At her own rally, Ms Robredo thanked her supporters who jammed her star-studded sorties and waged a house-to-house battle to endorse her brand of clean and hands-on politics.

She asked them to fight for patriotic ideals beyond the elections.

“We’ve learned that those who have awoken will never close their eyes again,” Ms Robredo told a crowd that filled the main avenue in the capital’s Makati financial district.

“It’s our right to have a future with dignity and it’s our responsibility to fight for it.”

In the Maguindanao province, a security hotspot in the south, three village guards were killed by gunmen outside an elections centre in Buluan town, briefly disrupting voting.

Nine would-be voters and their companions were wounded separately on Sunday night when unidentified men fired five rifle grenades in the Datu Unsay town hall, police said.

Aside from the presidency, more than 18,000 government posts are being contested, including half of the 24-member Senate, more than 300 seats in the House of Representatives, as well as provincial and local offices across the archipelago of more than 109 million Filipinos.

More than 67 million people were registered to vote, including about 1.6 million Filipinos overseas.

In the 2016 contest, Mr Duterte emerged as the clear winner within a few hours after polls closed and his key challengers quickly conceded.

The vice presidential race that year was won narrowly by Ms Robredo over Mr Marcos Jnr and the outcome was slower to become known.