European Union leaders have called for “continued, rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access and aid to reach those in need” as the Israel-Hamas conflict rages on.

EU nations have been divided in their approach to Israel and the Palestinians but the brutal nature of the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, which killed more than 1,400 people, and the hardship of civilians forced from their homes in Gaza, have shone a spotlight on those divisions.

Across the EU spectrum, Austria, Germany and Hungary are among Israel’s main supporters.

The leaders of Austria and Germany went to Israel to show solidarity after the assault while Spain and Ireland often focus on the plight of the Palestinians.

The challenge has been to strike a balance between condemning the Hamas attacks, supporting Israel’s right to defend itself and ensuring that the rights of civilians on both sides are protected under international law.

EU envoys have wrangled in recent days over whether to call for a “humanitarian pause” or “pauses”, or even a “window” in the fighting, to allow aid in. Israel’s strongest backers oppose any language that might be seen to constrain its right to self-defence.

In the end, the leaders called in a statement after a Brussels summit “for continued, rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access and aid to reach those in need through all necessary measures, including humanitarian corridors and pauses for humanitarian needs”.

Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said: “I’m not obsessed about what language we use. What we want is the killing and the violence to stop; to stop so that humanitarian aid can get in to Gaza, where Palestinian people are… suffering, and also to allow us to get EU citizens out.”

He said that about 30 Irish Palestinian citizens are stuck. “We’re keen for them to be able to leave Gaza if they want to leave, and that’s currently not possible,” Mr Varadkar told reporters.

Asked how far Israel can go in destroying Hamas, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said: “Israel is a democratic state that is led by very humanitarian principles, so one can be sure that the Israeli army will respect the rules that arise from international law in what it does. I have no doubt about that.”

Despite its limited political leverage, the 27-nation bloc is the world’s top aid supplier to the Palestinians. The EU has little influence over Israel — the United States is its staunchest ally – but remains the country’s biggest trade partner.

The EU’s executive branch, the European Commission, has trumpeted what it calls an “air bridge” — it consists of two plane loads of aid so far — and has demanded that more humanitarian assistance be allowed into poverty and conflict-hit Gaza.

In recent days, Israel has let more than 60 trucks with aid enter from Egypt. Aid workers and the EU say it is not enough, just a tiny fraction of what came in before the war. Israel is still barring deliveries of fuel — needed to power generators — saying it believes that Hamas will take it.

A warning by the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, UNRWA, over waning fuel supplies has raised alarm that the humanitarian crisis could quickly worsen. Gaza’s population has also been running out of food, water and medicine. The EU is UNRWA’s third biggest funder.

Dozens of European nationals are believed to be among the more than 200 Israelis and foreigners taken hostage by Hamas. Scores more have been caught up in the turmoil as around 1.4 million of Gaza’s 2.3 million residents fled their homes under orders from the Israeli army.