President Donald Trump has been kicked off most mainstream social media platforms following his supporters’ siege on the US Capitol.

But it remains to be seen how fast or where, if anywhere, on the internet he will be able to reach his followers.

The far right-friendly Parler had been the leading candidate, at least until Google and Apple removed it from their app stores and Amazon booted it off its web hosting service just after midnight Pacific time early on Monday.

Parler’s chief executive said that could knock it offline for a week, though that might prove optimistic.

And even if it finds a friendlier web-hosting service, without a smartphone app, it is hard to imagine Parler gaining mainstream success.

The two-year-old magnet for the far right claims more than 12 million users, though mobile app analytics firm Sensor Tower puts the number at 10 million worldwide, with eight million in the US.

That was a fraction of the 89 million followers Mr Trump had on Twitter.

Still, Parler might be attractive to Mr Trump since it was where his sons Eric and Don Jr are already active.

Parler hit headwinds, though, on Friday as Google yanked its smartphone app from its app store for allowing postings that seek “to incite ongoing violence in the US”.

Apple followed suit on Saturday evening after giving Parler 24 hours to address complaints it was being used to “plan and facilitate yet further illegal and dangerous activities”.

Public safety issues will need to be resolved before it is restored, Apple said.

A message seeking comment from Parler was sent on Sunday on whether the company plans to change its policies and enforcement around these issues.

Amazon struck another blow on Saturday, informing Parler it would need to look for a new web-hosting service effective midnight on Sunday.

It reminded Parler in a letter, first reported by Buzzfeed, that it had informed it in the past few weeks of 98 examples of posts “that clearly encourage and incite violence” and said the platform “poses a very real risk to public safety”.

Parler chief executive John Matze decried the punishments as “a coordinated attack by the tech giants to kill competition in the marketplace. We were too successful too fast”, he said in a Saturday night post, saying it was possible Parler would be unavailable for up to a week “as we rebuild from scratch”.

“Every vendor, from text message services, to e-mail providers, to our lawyers all ditched us too on the same day,” Mr Matze said on Sunday on Fox New Channel’s Sunday Morning Futures.

He said while the company is trying to get back online as quickly as possible, it is “having a lot of trouble, because every vendor we talk to says they won’t work with us, because, if Apple doesn’t approve and Google doesn’t approve, they won’t”.

Losing access to the app stores of Google and Apple — whose operating systems power hundreds of millions of smartphones — severely limits Parler’s reach, though it had continued to be accessible via web browser.

Losing Amazon Web Services means Parler needs to scramble to find another web host, in addition to the re-engineering.

Mr Trump may also launch his own platform.

But that will not happen overnight, and free speech experts anticipate growing pressure on all social media platforms to curb incendiary speech as Americans take stock of Wednesday’s violent takeover of the US Capitol by a Trump-incited mob.

While initially arguing their need to be neutral on speech, Twitter and Facebook gradually yielded to public pressure drawing the line especially when the so-called Plandemic video emerged early in the coronavirus pandemic urging people not to wear masks, noted civic media professor Ethan Zuckerman of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst.

Mr Zuckerman expects the Trump de-platforming may spur important online shifts.

First, there may be an accelerated splintering of the social media world along ideological lines.

“Trump will pull a lot of audience wherever he goes,” he said.

That could mean more platforms with smaller, more ideologically isolated audiences.